Apple's labour practices are under attack by two activist groups who
contend the company makes its iPhones with a hazardous mix of chemicals
that threaten the health of factory workers assembling the devices in
China.
The campaign began Wednesday with an online
petition put together by China Labor Watch, a long-time Apple critic,
and Green America, an environmental protection group.
If
enough consumers sign the "Bad Apple" petition, the two groups hope to
pressure the company into abandoning the use of two chemicals, benzene
and n-hexane, in the production of the iPhone, Apple's top-selling
product.
Benzene is a carcinogen that can cause leukaemia if not handled properly and n-hexane has been linked to nerve damage.
In
a statement, Apple pointed out that it has already stopped using many
hazardous chemicals, including PVC plastic and brominated flame, during
the past few years to the acclaim of environmental groups such as
Greenpeace. The Cupertino, Calif. company also says it ensures all
remaining toxic substances comply with U.S. safety standards.
"Last
year, we conducted nearly 200 factory inspections which focused on
hazardous chemicals, to make sure those facilities meet our strict
standards," Apple said.
The protesting groups believe
Apple's factory inspections and publicly released reports about the
findings have been whitewashing the real working conditions. They say
they suspect many of the estimated 1.5 million workers in overseas
factories hired by Apple are still logging gruelling hours and, in some
cases, being exposed to dangerous materials without proper training.
"Apple
touts itself as a socially responsible leader in the tech industry, but
to really be a leader, Apple must put a stop to worker poisoning and
ensure sick workers are receiving treatment," said Elizabeth O'Connell,
Green America's campaign director.
Coming up with a safer
manufacturing recipe for the iPhone would cost less than $1 per device,
O'Connell estimated. That's a pittance for a company that earned $37
billion during its last fiscal year.
Neither benzene nor
n-hexane is unique to Apple's manufacturing process. They are also used
in the production of electronics products sold by other large technology
companies who have also been criticized for their practices. For
instance, last year a South Korean court raised doubts about Samsung.
Electronics'
claims that the benzene levels in its computer chip factories were
safe. The court ruled Samsung hadn't fully examined the health risk in
its chip factories after a 29-year-old worker died of leukaemia in 2009.
Low levels of benzene are also found in gasoline, cigarettes, paints, glues and detergents.
Apple's
size and success make it an inviting target for groups seeking to draw
attention to their causes and perhaps spur changes that are eventually
adopted by other companies. Apple boasts a market value of about $480
billion, higher than any other publicly traded company. And the iPhone
remains a cultural phenomenon with more than 470 million of the devices
sold since the release of the first model nearly seven years ago.
China
Labor Watch has been especially harsh in its criticism of Apple,
maintaining that the conditions in its manufacturing contractors'
factories are so oppressive that workers are driven to suicide.
Apple
CEO Tim Cook, though, has steadfastly maintained that the company's
high standards have led to better treatment of the factory workers and
reduced suppliers' reliance on dangerous substances.
"Since
Tim Cook took the helm, Apple's increased transparency and
accountability back down the supply chain has significantly improved,
and is quickly becoming a hallmark of his leadership at the company,"
Tom Dowdall, a Greenpeace energy campaigner, wrote in a blog post last
month.
source:associated press